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流行病学数据显示，中国恶性肿瘤发病率和死亡率呈上升趋势，但年龄标化死亡率出现下降，年龄标化死亡率的下降证明几十年来中国通过开展危险因素防控、恶性肿瘤筛查、早诊早治、规范化诊疗等措施，在肿瘤综合预防和控制方面取得显著成效。近年来，新的抗肿瘤治疗方案和药物不断开发，但抗肿瘤治疗相关的恶心呕吐仍然是常见不良反应。恶心呕吐不仅会对患者生活质量带来负面影响，还有可能影响抗肿瘤治疗效果。由中国抗癌协会癌症康复与姑息治疗专业委员会、中国抗癌协会肿瘤临床化疗专业委员会、中国抗癌协会肿瘤支持治疗专业委员会、中国临床肿瘤学会肿瘤支持与康复治疗专家委员会专家整合近年来抗肿瘤治疗相关恶心呕吐预防和治疗新进展，遵循现有循证医学证据，参考国内外指南，结合国内临床实践经验，共同制定了中国抗肿瘤治疗相关恶心呕吐预防和治疗指南（2023版），以期为中国抗肿瘤治疗相关恶心呕吐预防和治疗提供专业指导意见。

Epidemiologic data show that the incidence and mortality of cancer in China has been increasing, but the age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) decreased. The descend trend in ASMR indicated that China has achieved remarkable results in the comprehensive prevention and control of cancer in recent decades through the risk factor control, cancer screening, early diagnosis and treatment, and standardization of diagnostic and therapeutic protocols. In recent years, new anti-tumor therapies and drugs have been developed, but nausea and vomiting are still common adverse event associated with many anti-tumor therapies and can negatively impact patients' quality of life and potentially limit the effectiveness of anti-tumor therapies. The experts from China Anti-Cancer Association Committee of Rehabilitation and Palliative Care, China Anti-Cancer Association Committee of Tumor Clinical Chemotherapy, China Anti-Cancer Association Committee of Neoplastic Supportive-care and Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology Committee of Supportive and Rehabilitative Care have integrated recent advances in the prevention and treatment of nausea and vomiting caused by anti-tumor therapy. Following the existing evidence in evidence-based medicine, referring to both domestic and international guidelines, and considering the clinical practice in China, the "Guidelines for China prevention and treatment of nausea and vomiting caused by antitumor therapies (2023 edition)," has been formulated, aiming to provide professional guidance for the prevention and treatment of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in anti-tumor therapy in China.