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神经酰胺在鞘脂代谢途径中起着重要作用，影响细胞信号通路，调节细胞和机体代谢，并与多种疾病的发生发展有关。近年来，随着质谱技术在神经酰胺检测方面的应用与发展，神经酰胺或不同种类神经酰胺组合可能作为新型生物标志物，用于多种疾病的临床辅助诊断、风险评估及预后判断。该文综述了神经酰胺的生物化学特性、检测方法及其临床应用新进展，并对其作为生物标志物的应用价值前景进行展望。

Ceramide plays an important role in sphingolipid metabolic processes. It affects cell signaling pathways, regulates cell and body metabolism, and is related to the occurrence and development of a variety of diseases. In recent years, with the application and development of mass spectrometry technology in the detection of ceramides, ceramides or different combinations of ceramides are found to be potential valuable new biomarkers for clinical diagnosis, risk assessment and prognosis of a variety of diseases. This article reviews the biochemical characteristics, detection methods and clinical application of ceramide, and outlines its application value as biomarkers.