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妊娠期糖尿病(gestational diabetes mellitus, GDM)是最常见的妊娠期并发症之一，近年来发病率逐年上升，严重影响母婴两代健康。目前，GDM的发病机制仍不明确，越来越多的研究证明，肠道菌群失衡参与GDM的发生发展，且通过垂直传递影响下一代菌群建立和远期健康。本文总结了GDM母子两代肠道菌群与健康母子肠道菌群的区别，并讨论了目前关于肠道菌群失衡对GDM子代代谢健康的影响及可能的机制，以期为以肠道菌群为靶点防治GDM及子代并发症提供一定的参考依据。

Gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM) is one of the most common complications during pregnancy, with increasing incidence in recent years, significantly affecting the health of both mothers and their offspring across generations. The exact pathogenesis of GDM remains unclear; However, growing evidence suggests that dysbiosis of gut microbiota is involved in the development of GDM, and further influences the establishment of microbiota in the next generation through vertical transmission. This article summarizes the differences in gut microbiota between GDM mothers and their offspring compared to healthy controls. In addition, we also discuss the impact of gut microbiota dysbiosis on metabolic health in GDM offspring and potential mechanisms involved, aiming to provide a reference for targeting gut microbiota in the prevention and treatment of GDM and its complications in offspring.