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目的:分析中国炭疽芽胞杆菌多位点可变数目串联重复序列分析（MLVA）基因型多态性，建立中国炭疽芽胞杆菌MLVA基因型数据库。方法:收集1947年以来中国不同来源的炭疽芽胞杆菌分离菌株，采用MLVA15分型策略进行基因型鉴定，对基因型进行统一编号和命名，分析不同来源菌株MLVA基因型的分布特征，同时通过Bionumerics软件绘制聚类图，分析不同基因型间的遗传关系。结果:MLVA15分型可将533株中国炭疽芽胞杆菌分为4群91个基因型，其中54个基因型为中国独有的基因型。新命名的基因型MLVA15-CHN1~MLVA15-CHN6广泛分布于中国不同地区、不同年代和宿主，其余基因型具有地区和年代特征性。结论:本研究建立了中国炭疽芽胞杆菌MLVA基因型数据库，掌握了MLVA基因型分布特征及其遗传多态性，为中国炭疽疫情防控及分子溯源技术提供了参考依据。

Objective:To analyze the multiple locus variable number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) genotype polymorphism of Bacillus (B.) anthracis and establish a MLVA genotype database of B. anthracis in China. Methods:B. anthracis strains isolated from different sources in China since 1947 were collected. Genotype identification was carried out using the MLVA15 genotyping protocol based on 15 variable number tandem repeat loci. The genotypes were uniformly numbered and named. The distribution characteristics of the MLVA genotypes of strains were analyzed. Software Bionumerics was used to construct clustering diagrams to analyze the genetic relationships. Results:The MLVA15 clustering analysis subdivided the isolates into 4 major groups and 91 genotypes, 54 of which were unique to China. The genotypes from MLVA15-CHN1 to MLVA15-CHN6 were widely distributed throughout China and in all eras, while other genotypes were restricted to certain regions or eras.Conclusions:This study established a MLVA genotype database of B. anthracis, which provides basis for the understanding of MLVA genetic polymorphisms and the control and molecular source tracing of the anthrax outbreaks in China.