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慢性阻塞性肺疾病（简称慢阻肺）患者合并肺曲霉病包括侵袭性肺曲霉病（IPA）、慢性空洞性肺曲霉病、变应性支气管肺曲霉病等多种表现形式。准确诊断对于制定个体化治疗方案非常重要。关键包括：重视IPA危险因素的综合评估，加强重症患者的监测；了解不同形式肺曲霉病的临床表现和影像学特点，重视支气管镜检查；尽可能获得病原学证据；鉴别感染与定植，避免过度诊断；警惕合并曲霉致敏。在治疗和疾病长期管理中，应根据病情动态调整糖皮质激素和抗真菌药物的使用。

Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) may present with various forms of pulmonary aspergillosis, including invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA), chronic cavitary pulmonary aspergillosis, and allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis. Accurate diagnosis and disease evaluation are essential for tailoring individualized treatment strategies. Key aspects include: (1) Comprehensive assessment of IPA risk factors, with enhanced monitoring for critically ill patients; (2) Understanding the clinical manifestations and radiological features of different forms of pulmonary aspergillosis and emphasizing the importance of bronchoscopic examination; (3) Obtaining microbiological evidence whenever possible; (4) Differentiating colonization from infection to avoid overdiagnosis; (5) Vigilance for co-existing sensitization to Aspergillus. During treatment and long-term disease management, the use of inhaled or systemic corticosteroids and antifungal agents should be dynamically adjusted according to the patient′s condition.