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在中低位直肠癌根治术中，骨盆空间狭窄、直肠系膜肥厚等因素，导致术中视野暴露困难，手术操作难度增加。近年来，由于腹腔镜外科及手术器械的发展，临床医生和患者对解剖层次的精准要求、对神经保护、功能保留的需求越来越高，结直肠外科医生在手术过程中将面临更多"困难骨盆"所带来的挑战。因此，本文对直肠癌根治术中"困难骨盆"的相关研究进展进行复习总结。本文分析了导致"困难骨盆"发生的可能解剖因素，包括骨盆径线长度、盆腔解剖结构成角和盆腔软组织脏器体积等。但目前通过这些因素建立的直肠癌术中"困难骨盆"的预测模型存在纳入临床指标不全、变量相对单一的问题，因此尚需更大样本量的研究来完善模型。相信未来随着对直肠癌"困难骨盆"研究的进一步深入，将有助于实现中低位直肠癌患者的个体化治疗。

In the radical resection of mid-low rectal cancer, due to the narrow pelvic space and thick mesorectum, it is difficult to expose the operation field. In recent years, with the development of laparoscopic surgery and surgical instruments, the surgeons' requirements for precise anatomical planes, neuroprotection, and functional preservation have become higher and higher. Colorectal surgeons will face more "difficult pelvic" challenges during surgery. Therefore, this article reviews the related research progress of "difficult pelvis" in radical resection of rectal cancer, analyzes the possible anatomical factors leading to the occurrence of "difficult pelvis", and explains the clinical significance of the researches on "difficult pelvis".